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部分zt : Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid（杀李大钊）
任百棱
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部分zt : Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid（杀李大钊）
来自于http://www.questia.com/
本书全名：
Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918-1927: Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid
Publication Information: Book Title: Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918-1927: Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid. Contributors: C. Martin Wilbur - author, Julie Lien-Ying How - author. Publisher: Columbia University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1956.
PART III
CONSOLIDATION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY
BASE IN KWANGTUNG, 1921-1925
Sun Yat-sen's Early Contact with Soviet Russia, 1918-1920
The reopening of the Peking Parliament in August, 1916, following
the death of Yüan Shih-k'ai, appeared to lend new hope to the cause
of republicanism in China. That hope was soon dashed, however, by
bitter factionalism between leading political parties and by the rise
of militarist power. In August, 1917, Parliament was dissolved by
President Li Yüan-hung. In protest, Sun Yat-sen led a group of Par
liament members to Canton, where they set up an opposition mili
tary government. Sun Yat-sen was elected Generalissimo, although
it soon became evident that actual power was vested in the hands of
the militarists in control of the southwestern provinces. In May,
1918, Sun's opponents pushed through a reorganization of the
government which deprived him of what little authority he possessed.
He then left Canton for voluntary retirement in Shanghai. 1
It was shortly after this setback, severe even for Sun Yat-sen's
strangely checkered career, that the first contact reportedly took
place between the Chinese revolutionary leader and the new Soviet
regime. In 1927, Wang Ching-wei traced the origin of the Kuomin
tang's policy of alliance with Soviet Russia to a telegram which Sun
Yat-sen sent Lenin at this time, congratulating him on the triumph
of the Russian Revolution. 2
According to Gregory Voitinskii, Sun Yat-sen met with him in
Shanghai in the autumn of 1920. Voitinskii was then engaged in or
ganizing a Communist party in Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen asked him
many questions about Soviet Russia and the Bolshevik Revolution,
Voitinskii asserts, and expressed regret that the geographical loca
tion of Canton did not permit contact with Russia. Sun also asked
him, according to Voitinskii, whether it was possible for the Rus
sians to set up a powerful radio station at Vladivostok or Manchuria
to establish communications with Canton, and informed him that he
hoped to make use of a military victory in South China to develop
the revolutionary movement in the central and northern provinces. 3
Voitinskii's account lacks confirmation by Kuomintang sources. If
it is accurate, it would suggest that Sun Yat-sen's initial interest in
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PART VI
KUOMINTANG AND SOVIET RELATIONS WITH
IFENG YÜ-HSIANG, OCTOBER, 1924, TO SEPTEMBER, 1926
By the spring of 1925, Soviet advisers had achieved considerable
success in Kwangtung. The Kuomintang Left Wing, which cooper
ated closely with the Russians, was in power. The First Eastern
Expedition against Ch'en Ch'iung-ming was being successfully
carried out. A Party army was being organized. It was then that
Soviet interest was increasingly drawn to Feng Yü-hsiang in
North China.
Feng Yü-hsiang's Coup d'État, October 23, 1924
Feng Yü-hsiang catapulted into national prominence during the
Second Mukden-Chihli War. Two days after the outbreak of war
on September 16, 1924, Sun Yat-sen launched the Second Northern
Expedition against Wu P'ei-fu. The KMT thus became an ally of
Chang Tso-lin against Wu. On October 23, Feng Yü-hsiang, com
mander of the Third Chihli Army, who had been ordered to en
counter Chang Tso-lin's forces in Jehol, suddenly turned back and
took over the city of Peking. Three days later, on October 26, the
Kuominchün (the People's Armies) was organized. Feng was
named Commander-in-Chief and concurrently commander of the
First Kuominchün (First People's Army). Hu Ching-yi became
Deputy Commander-in-Chief and concurrently commander of the
Second Kuominchün. Sun Yüeh assumed command of the Third
Kuominchun. 1
What was the nature of Feng's coup d'état? Was it executed in
support of the Kuomintang and its platform? What were the dis
tinguishing characteristics of the Kuominchün? Was it an ordinary
militarist army,or an army dedicated to the principles of the
National Revolution?
In his autobiography, published in 1944, Feng Yü-hsiang presents
his interpretation. The coup, he asserts, was conceived from the
start as a revolution in support of the Sun Yat-sen's principles. It
was staged for the express purpose of inviting Sun to Peking to
establish Kuomintang authority over North China. 2 Contemporary
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最后编辑时间: 2009-02-26 00:45:19
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全部跟贴
从1927年张作霖查抄苏联大使馆获得的文件， 任百棱 [579 b] 2009-02-26 00:44:00 [点击: 35] (949536)
张作霖为什么杀李大钊？ 博讯螺杆 [346 b] 2009-02-26 01:04:28 [点击: 48] (949538)
螺杆咋也这么糊涂呢？自己的矛刺自己的盾： 任百棱 [486 b] 2009-02-26 01:57:36 [点击: 34] (949552)
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