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自由論壇 新帖 | 查帖 | 刷新 任百棱 2/26/2009 1:20:23 PM 标题 内容 部分zt : Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid（杀李大钊） 来自于http://www.questia.com/ 本书全名： Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918-1927: Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid Publication Information: Book Title: Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918-1927: Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid. Contributors: C. Martin Wilbur - author, Julie Lien-Ying How - author. Publisher: Columbia University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1956. PART III CONSOLIDATION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY BASE IN KWANGTUNG, 1921-1925 Sun Yat-sen's Early Contact with Soviet Russia, 1918-1920 The reopening of the Peking Parliament in August, 1916, following the death of Yüan Shih-k'ai, appeared to lend new hope to the cause of republicanism in China. That hope was soon dashed, however, by bitter factionalism between leading political parties and by the rise of militarist power. In August, 1917, Parliament was dissolved by President Li Yüan-hung. In protest, Sun Yat-sen led a group of Par­ liament members to Canton, where they set up an opposition mili­ tary government. Sun Yat-sen was elected Generalissimo, although it soon became evident that actual power was vested in the hands of the militarists in control of the southwestern provinces. In May, 1918, Sun's opponents pushed through a reorganization of the government which deprived him of what little authority he possessed. He then left Canton for voluntary retirement in Shanghai. 1 It was shortly after this setback, severe even for Sun Yat-sen's strangely checkered career, that the first contact reportedly took place between the Chinese revolutionary leader and the new Soviet regime. In 1927, Wang Ching-wei traced the origin of the Kuomin­ tang's policy of alliance with Soviet Russia to a telegram which Sun Yat-sen sent Lenin at this time, congratulating him on the triumph of the Russian Revolution. 2 According to Gregory Voitinskii, Sun Yat-sen met with him in Shanghai in the autumn of 1920. Voitinskii was then engaged in or­ ganizing a Communist party in Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen asked him many questions about Soviet Russia and the Bolshevik Revolution, Voitinskii asserts, and expressed regret that the geographical loca­ tion of Canton did not permit contact with Russia. Sun also asked him, according to Voitinskii, whether it was possible for the Rus­ sians to set up a powerful radio station at Vladivostok or Manchuria to establish communications with Canton, and informed him that he hoped to make use of a military victory in South China to develop the revolutionary movement in the central and northern provinces. 3 Voitinskii's account lacks confirmation by Kuomintang sources. If it is accurate, it would suggest that Sun Yat-sen's initial interest in -138- PART VI KUOMINTANG AND SOVIET RELATIONS WITH IFENG YÜ-HSIANG, OCTOBER, 1924, TO SEPTEMBER, 1926 By the spring of 1925, Soviet advisers had achieved considerable success in Kwangtung. The Kuomintang Left Wing, which cooper­ ated closely with the Russians, was in power. The First Eastern Expedition against Ch'en Ch'iung-ming was being successfully carried out. A Party army was being organized. It was then that Soviet interest was increasingly drawn to Feng Yü-hsiang in North China. Feng Yü-hsiang's Coup d'État, October 23, 1924 Feng Yü-hsiang catapulted into national prominence during the Second Mukden-Chihli War. Two days after the outbreak of war on September 16, 1924, Sun Yat-sen launched the Second Northern Expedition against Wu P'ei-fu. The KMT thus became an ally of Chang Tso-lin against Wu. On October 23, Feng Yü-hsiang, com­ mander of the Third Chihli Army, who had been ordered to en­ counter Chang Tso-lin's forces in Jehol, suddenly turned back and took over the city of Peking. Three days later, on October 26, the Kuominchün (the People's Armies) was organized. Feng was named Commander-in-Chief and concurrently commander of the First Kuominchün (First People's Army). Hu Ching-yi became Deputy Commander-in-Chief and concurrently commander of the Second Kuominchün. Sun Yüeh assumed command of the Third Kuominchun. 1 What was the nature of Feng's coup d'état? Was it executed in support of the Kuomintang and its platform? What were the dis­ tinguishing characteristics of the Kuominchün? Was it an ordinary militarist army,or an army dedicated to the principles of the National Revolution? In his autobiography, published in 1944, Feng Yü-hsiang presents his interpretation. The coup, he asserts, was conceived from the start as a revolution in support of the Sun Yat-sen's principles. It was staged for the express purpose of inviting Sun to Peking to establish Kuomintang authority over North China. 2 Contemporary -318- 最后编辑时间: 2009-02-26 00:45:19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 全部跟贴 从1927年张作霖查抄苏联大使馆获得的文件， 任百棱 [579 b] 2009-02-26 00:44:00 [点击: 35] (949536) 张作霖为什么杀李大钊？ 博讯螺杆 [346 b] 2009-02-26 01:04:28 [点击: 48] (949538) 螺杆咋也这么糊涂呢？自己的矛刺自己的盾： 任百棱 [486 b] 2009-02-26 01:57:36 [点击: 34] (949552) 改帖　　删帖 提帖　　压帖　　封/解帖 删改者姓名　 删改者密码

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